![]() ![]() Hormone therapy (HT) administration can be in various forms, including oral, parenteral, topical, transbuccal, vaginal, or transdermal, with each route having various formulations and doses of estrogen and/or progesterone. Progesterone treatment should be a consideration in women who cannot take estrogen therapy. Progestin therapy at high doses, including DMPA and megestrol, also decreases hot flashes but is not nearly as effective as estrogen. The most effective treatment for hot flashes is systemic estrogen, with a 75% reduction of VMS frequency. When selecting a treatment option, the healthcare provider should encourage the safest option first, such as lifestyle changes, and then proceed to the following hormonal and/or non-hormonal treatments. Several treatment options exist, with only a few being FDA approved. The average frequency varies from 10 times per day to several times per week. ![]() On average, they last less than five minutes. They can persist for six months to several years, usually decreasing in frequency and intensity over time after the final menstrual period. Frequency and severity can increase during the transition to menopause and peak approximately one year after the final menstrual period. Hot flashes are variable in terms of duration, severity, and frequency. The onset of hot flashes can be associated with perspiration, heart palpitations, headache, weakness, fatigue, faintness, and anxiety, and they can be triggered by warm environments, hot drinks, or emotional stress. Hot flashes are sudden-onset, spontaneous, and episodic sensations of warmth usually felt on the chest, neck, and face immediately followed by an outbreak of sweating. They are the most common reason women seek medical care during the perimenopausal period, especially if the symptoms impair quality of life.
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